Hong Kong-China Conflict

Where it is?
Hong Kong, officially known as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Of the People's Republic Of China, is a region on the southern coast of China geographically enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea.

Why in NEWS?
Umbrella Movement or Umbrella Revolution
 (as touted by media) began in September 2014 by Pro-democracy demonstrators who occupy city for several days to protest central government's decision to limit voters' choices in a 2017  leadership election.
Note: A pro-democracy movement is a group of people that requests the introduction or re-introduction of democratic processes to a nation's government.

Lets go back in History to understand the present scenario of Hong Kong.

Chronological Order:
1842: China cedes Hong Kong Island to Britain after the First Opium War(1839-42).
1898: China leases the New Territories, together with 235 islands, to Britain fro 99 years from July 1.
1984: Britain and China sign Joint Declaration on the conditions under which Hong Kong will revert to Chinese rule in 1997. Under the ''One Country, two systems'' formula, Hong Kong will become part of one communist-led country but retain its capitalist economic system and partially democratic political system for 50 years after the handover.
1989: Massacre of pro-democracy demonstrators in Beijing's Tiananmen Square leads to calls for the introduction of furtherr democratic safeguards in Hong Kong.
1997 July: Hong Kong handed back to the Chinese authorities after more than 150 yeras of British control. Tung Chee-hwa , a Shanghai-born former shipping tycoon with no political experience is hand-picked by Beijing to rule the territory, following takeover.

Since its inception, Hong Kong remain a partially democratic country. There is no Universal Adult Suffrage in place.

2004 April: china rules that its approval must be sought for any changes to Hong Kong's election laws, giving Beijing the right to veto any move towards more democracy.
2006 July: Tens of thousands of people rally in support of full democracy.
2007 December: Beijing says it will allow the people of Hong Kong to directly elect their own leaders in 2017 and their legislators by 2020. HK's Chief Executive Donald Tsang hails this as ''a timetable for obtaining universal suffrage'', but pro-democracy campaigners express disappointment at timescale.
2014 August: Chinese government rules out a full democratic elections for Hong Kong leader in 2017, by imposing tight rules on nominations of candidates who want to run in the poll.